Similar views were also found in GSEA simulation against NEDD8 gene signatures from primary tumors of radiotherapy-receiving oral cancer patients who were stratified as low NEDD8 expression/alive and high NEDD8 expression/dead with disease in Kaplan‒Meier analysis using the GSE42743 dataset (Fig. 4C and D). Here, NEDD8 is linked to lip and oral cavity carcinoma.