INS and gestational diabetes: A total of 138 patients (34.3%) were assigned to the GDM‐dysfunction group with the character of normal insulin sensitivity and decreased insulin secretion (Stumvoll I index 664.45 ± 143.22 vs. 944.32 ± 244.16, p < .001), and 71 patients (17.7%) were classified into the GDM‐mixed group with characters of insulin resistance (ISI composite index 80.91 ± 17.34 vs. 139.14 ± 43.75, p < .05) and decreased insulin secretion (Stumvoll I index 689.34 ± 188.56 vs. 944.32 ± 244.16, p < .001).