Lene and colleagues22 found that the combination of Matsuda index (insulin sensitivity) and their disposition index (DI) significantly increased the prediction power of LGA than the GDM subtypes; however, DI is calculated as Matsuda index multiplied by Stumvoll I index (insulin secretions), which amplified the weight of Matsuda index and without the consideration of collinearity between the two continuous variables. Here, INS is linked to gestational diabetes.