For instance, genetic variants in IL13, IL4, IL10, IFNG and STAT6 genes were associated not only with infection intensities and re-infection of S. mansoni after treatment (Gatlin et al., 2009; Grant et al., 2011; Grant et al., 2012), but also with S. haematobium infections and its infection intensities (Kouriba et al., 2005; He et al., 2008; Isnard et al., 2011; Adedoja et al., 2018; Adedokun et al., 2018; Sarpong-Baidoo et al., 2021; Hanton et al., 2022). Here, IL13 is linked to infection.