TNF and graft versus host disease: Importantly, inflammatory pathways (e.g., IL-12, type I IFNs, TNF, IL-6, metalloproteases, etc.)and antimicrobial immune responses (activation pathways downstream of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, immune response to enterotoxins, defensins, antimicrobial peptides, etc.)were increased in t-KO+KO–derived monocytes compared with t-KO+WT–derived cells, possibly as a result of massive microbial translocation caused by GvHD in damaged tissue.