Through blocking of the Gal-9/Tim-3 pathway with soluble Tim-3, the regulation of the Th17/Treg (Figure 8(C,D)) ratio by MSCs was no longer significant, indicating that regulation of the Th17/Treg ratio via the Gal-9/Tim-3 pathway plays an important role in the MSC-induced protection against SA-AKI. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS9 and acute kidney injury.