Th2 response genes such as Il13ra2, Il4ra and Bcl6 are upregulated in the NPH, suggesting these are crucial genes to fight off infection by induction of parasite-specific IgG and IgE, smooth-muscle cell contractility, intestinal permeability and resistin-like molecule (RELM)-beta secretion (Fig. 7). Here, IL13RA2 is linked to infection.