Additionally, the therapeutic strategy of chemoimmunotherapy has been investigated for the neoadjuvant treatment of resectable locally advanced ESCC, with encouraging results, and several Phase II clinical studies have demonstrated that combining neoadjuvant treatment using PD-1 inhibitors with chemotherapy induces pCR rates ranging from 16.7–45% [10–16]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.