On review of the literature, we identified 27 patients with NS and PTPN11 mutations diagnosed with brain tumours; dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (n = 11), oligodendroglioma (n = 2), medulloblastoma (n = 1), low grade glioma (n = 9) and high-grade glioma (n = 4). The gene discussed is PTPN11; the disease is central nervous system cancer.