We demonstrated that the formation of HMW complexes in NB cells is an early VPF-mediated tumor suppressive mechanism, as they appear as early as 30 min post-treatment and accumulate over time in both MYCN-NA and MYCN-A NB subtypes (see Figs. 3d, 4, 5a,b). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neuroblastoma.