For example, in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the levels of both CD47 and TSP-1 are increased and promote hypoxia and ROS production in the environment.269 In addition, activated CD47 promotes acute kidney injury (AKI) by limiting autophagy, and CD47 has been demonstrated to be a target for preserving renal function following injury.270 TSP-1 expression is increased in response to AKI, and blocking TSP-1-CD47 signaling restricts tissue injury caused by ischemic stress in tissues.271,272 Furthermore, targeting CD47 attenuates fibrosis induced by various diseases. Here, CD47 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.