This was corroborated in prostate cancer by a lack of consistent alteration in independent datasets comparing ARF3 mRNA levels across prostate normal tissue, primary tumor or metastasis (Fig. 9, A–E), or in the TCGA prostate adenocarcinoma dataset (PRAD Prostate; normal, n = 86; tumor, n = 323) for normal versus primary tumor or across Gleason Grades (Fig. S5, C and D). This evidence concerns the gene ARF3 and Familial prostate cancer.