TNF and neoplasm: GSEA revealed that tumor RANK expression in postmenopausal cases was positively associated (FDR < 0.25) with 20 pathways, 12 of them related to TNF/NFKB signaling, including RANKL pathway itself, while in premenopausal tumors, only three pathways were associated with RANK+ (Fig 3D; Dataset EV4), suggesting that, similar to the bone, RANK signaling in BC is more active after menopause (Streicher et al, 2017).