CRP and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: AA: African American; ALT: alanine transaminase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; F: female; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HTN: hypertension; M: male; No: number; Ref: reference.