The Western diet-induced MS regulated cardiac remodeling by increasing caveolae and CAV-1 expression in endothelial cells and myocytes, promoting endothelial dysfunction, increasing lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity in non-adipocyte tissue, disrupting MAM, regulating MST, activating mitochondrial-regulated apoptosis, and resulting in cardiac remodeling (Fig. 7). The gene discussed is CAV1; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.