Conversely, and regardless of vaccination status, antibodies to CCL19, CCL8, CCL13, CCL16, CXCL7 and CX3CL1 significantly increased, those to CXCL17 remained generally stable and those to CCL22 followed variable kinetics at month 12 compared with month 6 in the COVID-19 convalescents (Fig. 1d and Extended Data Fig. 4c). Here, CCL22 is linked to COVID-19.