Up to now, some biomarkers for immunotherapy have been identified, such as tumor mutational burden (TMB), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), mismatch-repair deficiency (MMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), and gut microbiota7–9 However, only a fraction of PDAC patients could benefit from ICB therapy. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.