HYLS1 and male infertility: Therefore, we injected previously characterized morpholinos that recapitulate ciliopathy- and fertility-associated diseases in Xenopus MCCs, including ccdc108 (male infertility), dlg5 (multi-organ congenital defects), gas2l2 (primary ciliary dyskinesia), and hyls-1 (perinatal hydrolethalus)43–46.