CCL5 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Consistent with a previous report concerning human PDAC5 and ICC tumors12, we found that subcluster 4 CAFs expressed major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) genes, such as CD74 and HLA-DRA, as well as chemokine-related genes, such as CCL5 (Fig. 1f, g and Supplementary Fig. S1h).