ACOX1 and colorectal carcinoma: To define whether ACOX1 is a tumor suppressor in CRC, we ectopically expressed or silenced ACOX1 using Flag-tagged ACOX1 or ACOX1-specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in CRC cell lines (HCT15, RKO, HCT8, HCT116, and SW620), respectively (Supplementary Fig. S3a, b).