ISG15 and neoplasm: These exploratory findings require more detailed study of the LMP1/IRF7 pathway, if anti-viral or anti-cancer immunity is mediated by ISG15 (Perng & Lenschow, 2018), and to determine whether type I IFNs are exerting a pro- or anti-tumor effect (Musella et al, 2017) in BL tumors.