CGAS and neoplasm: Since autophagy is also critical for mediating cell-extrinsic homeostatic effects through its involvement in multiple contrasting facets of immunity, including innate immune signalling and danger signal emission (i.e. adjuvanticity), as well as tumour cell antigenicity [108, 109], it is possible that its control through cGAS–STING represents another avenue through which tumours may interface with the local microenvironment (discussed below).