Together with intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), caused by Tau hyperphosphorylation, these are considered classical pathological hallmarks of AD (Iqbal et al., 2005; Metaxas and Kempf, 2016; Selkoe and Hardy, 2016) and are characteristic in late stages of AD. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.