LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Interestingly, overexpression of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa/binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78) in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) alleviated ER stress and obesity; however, this was not dependent on leptin but it was related to the increased thermogenic activation of BAT and WAT browning (92).