TLR4 and neoplasm: Fusobacterium nucleatum could promote tumor cell proliferation through various mechanisms: 1) The combination of FadA and E-cadherin derived β-Catenin/Wnt activation [46]; 2) The activation of the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB pathway promoted the expression of miR21, which directly regulated the expression of anti-oncogenes [46]; 3) The outer membrane vesicles activated TLR4 to promote the expression of inflammatory factors [47].