GLP1R and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glucose-lowering medications for type 2 diabetes management comprise 2 dosage forms: (1) oral form, such as metformin for all patients; (2) injection form, such as insulin for patients who need high efficacy to achieve treatment goal, or the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for patients with high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (4, 5).