CXCR4 and neoplasm: Similarly, despite numerous studies showing that CXCR4 antagonists demonstrated antitumor efficacy in syngeneic murine models and have been evaluated in early clinical trials,19,20,21 there is a limited understanding of how generation of antitumor T cell responses to tumor/self-antigen by OV-CXCR4-A is affected by the tolerogenic tumor microenvironment (TME).