CXCR4 and neoplasm: Based on our previous studies demonstrating that enhanced inhibition of tumor growth following OV-CXCR4-A treatment was associated with induction of antitumor immune responses,9,10,11,12 we compared the potential of OV-EGFP and OV-CXCR4-A to modulate the peritoneal TME and promote effective antigen presentation, leading to loss of immune tolerance to tumor/self-antigens.