For example, Th17 cells differentiated by IL-6, IL-23 and IL-1β in the absence of TGF-β express Th1 master regulator T-bet encoding gene Tbx21, secrete IFNƔ, and promote CD8 effector T cell function and tumor regression, whereas Th17 cells generated by IL-6 in the presence of TGF-β secreted protumorigenic IL-10 and expressed CD39 and CD73, promoting the release of immunosuppressive adenosine (48–51). Here, TBX21 is linked to neoplasm.