suggest that under glucose-limiting conditions, cancer cells achieve metabolic homeostasis and adapt to metabolic stress via the activation of AMPK-p38-PGC-1α axis (124).Additional reports suggest that under conditions of nutrient starvation, AMPK may exhibit pro-tumorigenic effects and aid tumor survival, whereas in the presence of sufficient nutrients, AMPK exhibits tumor suppressing effects. This evidence concerns the gene PRKAA1 and cancer.