VEGFA and diabetes mellitus: Specifically, rutin intervention obviously relieves the body weight loss and metabolic dysfunctions in rats induced by DM, decreases the number of inflammatory cells, promotes the activity of Nrf-2 as well as the expression of related antioxidant enzymes such as SOD1 and GSH-Px, down-regulates the levels of TGF-β1, MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF, and elevates the expression of neurogenic-related protein (89).