Elsewhere, the study by Lang et al. revealed that an elevated level of copeptin was linked to a greater risk of cardiovascular events, including stroke and death, at mid-term follow-up in patients with non-valvular AF, which could make it useful for risk stratification.31 In contrast, Arbault-Biton et al. reported that copeptin concentration was not independently associated with AF duration.32 This evidence concerns the gene AVP and Stroke.