Ten blood cytokine levels, including; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, TNF (alpha), and IFN (gamma), IL1, IL6, IL12, IL4, IL8, IL10, IL5, were compared between 296 European-Americans and 170 African-Americans to determine their associations with lung cancer (51). The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is lung carcinoma.