CD19 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: CAR T cells have been shown to be highly efficacious against chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) leading to FDA approval of two CD19 antigen-specific CAR T cell products, tisagenlecleucel (CTL019, Kymriah©) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta©), for the treatment of refractory B cell hematologic malignancies (13).