PKM and renal fibrosis: Activation of tetrameric PKM2 formation can reduce the entry of PKM2 dimer form into the nuclear and activation of HIF-1α, alleviate abnormal glycolysis and renal fibrosis, and play a role in renal protection (Luo et al., 2011; Qi et al., 2017; Sizemore et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2021).