TGFB1 and liver dysplastic nodule: The DN rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ); artemisinin inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 protein in renal tissues, activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway, enhanced the expression of antioxidant proteins, and significantly increased the activity of T-SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), alleviated the oxidative stress injury in the early kidney of DN rats (Zhang and song, 2020).