PADI4 and Stroke: In mice, CNS neutrophil recruitment to peri-infarct areas and PAD-4-dependent NET production via PAD-4 peaks 3–5 days after stroke. DNase-1 or Cl-amidine/PAD-4 deficiency reduce BBB permeability and increase vascular remodeling. Levels of type I IFN increased 10-fold in the ischemic cortex and were decreased by Cl-amidine, indicating NET-induced type I IFN production, increasing BBB permeability (54).