PRKAA1 and cancer: Also CDH1 was reported as an important global regulator, rather than just a marker of EMT.25 Loss of CDH1 promotes cancer metastasis via multiple downstream cascades signaling pathways.26 As shown in the results above, CDH1 was upregulated by metformin in transcriptional and protein levels, thus we intended to explore whether AMPK activation promotes the transcriptional activation of CDH1 promoters.