DKK3 and neoplasm: The indirect effect is exerted in at least two ways: one involves the behavior of the mis-infected normal cells with Ad-REIC, which leads to the release of IL-7, a cytokine that activates T cells and NK cells, without apoptosis via an ASK1-p38 pathway; the other involves the secretion of REIC/Dkk-3 at high levels in the infected tumor environment [14].