In a previous study, in CD4+ T cells, we reported that MALAT1 downregulation is a hallmark of naïve CD4+ T-cell activation and that MALAT1−/− CD4+ T cells express lower levels of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine resulting in enhanced inflammation or immunity in experimental models of leishmaniasis and malaria [46]. Here, CD4 is linked to leishmaniasis.