First, habitually skipping breakfast was associated with elevated concentrations of CRP.14 Long-term low-grade inflammation promotes tumor development and progression via (1) oxidation32; (2) mutation, DNA methylation and posttranslational variations caused by inflammatory response mediators, including cytokines, free radicals, prostaglandins and growth factors32; and (3) the activation of the NF-κB pathway, which is essential for the invasion of cancer.33 Second, breakfast consumption lowers the risk of obesity and metabolic risk factors. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cancer.