vNAR T1 can highly bind to an excess of TGF-β concentration in a tissue microenvironment (i.e., fibrosis or cancer) and cleared quickly by glomerular filtration55, modulating the biological effect; this supposes a rapid diminution of TGF-β concentration and could use as part of immunotherapy in combination with chemo drugs or with an immune checkpoint agent specifically for cancer treatment. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.