TNF and common cold: The pathophysiology of rhinosinusitis is characterized by congestion of the lining membrane of the nose and paranasal sinuses, associated with increased local infiltration with inflammatory cells and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α).5, 6