AKT1 and atherosclerosis: In conclusion, the chemical components like luteolin, wogonin, and kaempferol in GYD, the core targets including AKT1, CASP3, and IL6, the processes such as muscle cell proliferation, membrane raft and cytokine receptor binding, as well as the signaling pathways such as AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, lipid, and atherosclerosis, TNF signaling pathway, etc., are the potential mechanisms accounting for the effects of GYD in the treatment of FRNS.