Insulin deficiency, the most common type of canine diabetes, is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, which leads to insufficient insulin production and glucotoxicity comparable to that seen in human type 1 diabetes (T1DM) (Nelson and Reusch, 2014; Gilor et al., 2016; O'Kell et al., 2017). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.