However, the DM in rodents was chemically induced with streptozotocin or alloxan, which promotes cell death and decreases insulin production; this is different from the canine DM produced by chronic autoantibody destruction over a long period (Al-awar et al., 2016; Furman, 2021; O’Kell et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.