EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Mutations of oncogenes, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (94, 95) and kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) (96), or tumor suppressor genes such as Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) (97, 98) and tumor protein P53 (TP53) (99, 100), can cause activation of cell proliferation and resisting cell death signals in NSCLC, leading to radioresistance (Figure 4).