It is found that the dysbiosis of local lung microbiota in patients with advanced lung cancer can lead to Th1, Th17, γδT cells and PD-1 positive T cells increase, neutrophils recruitment, dendritic cells (DCs) activation, CD4+T cells decrease, cytokines IL-1, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 upregulation, as well as upregulation of ERK/MAPK and inflammation pathways, all these above alterations promoted tumor progression (71). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and lung cancer.