ATR can be activated by recruitment to its partner protein ATRIP, binding to topoisomerase (DNA) II binding protein 1 (TopBP1) and claspin, phosphorylated Chk1 (34), activated Chk1 phosphorylated WEE1, leading to cell cycle arrest and DNA repair (35), resulting in radioresistance of NSCLC (36, 37). This evidence concerns the gene TOPBP1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.