Cytokines and inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, MCP-1, TNF-α, sTNFR-1, and CCL5 (RANTES), which are measured in the serum and PF of patients with endometriosis, have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients with endometriosis (23, 159). Here, CCL5 is linked to endometriosis.