TNF and endometriosis: Cytokines and inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, MCP-1, TNF-α, sTNFR-1, and CCL5 (RANTES), which are measured in the serum and PF of patients with endometriosis, have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients with endometriosis (23, 159).