IGHA1 and IgA glomerulonephritis: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is an autoimmune disease in which IgA, exclusively of the IgA1 subclass, with an altered glycan moiety manifested as deficiency of galactose (Gd-IgA1) on its heavy-chain hinge region (HR) acts as an autoantigen which is recognized by ubiquitous, naturally occurring, anti-glycan antibodies to form nephritogenic circulating immune complexes (CIC).