In humans, IGFBP5 was closely related to many diseases, such as colorectal cancer, chronic rhinosinusitis, sarcopenia, and so on (51–55), and pathogen infection induced a significantly higher expression of IGFBP5 in mammals—for example, IGFBP5 expression was significantly upregulated after Salmonella enterica stimulation in pigs (56). Here, IGFBP5 is linked to chronic rhinosinusitis.