HPSE and Sepsis: N-acetyl heparin has been referred to as non-anticoagulant heparins (NAH) in many studies, shown to protect against sepsis-induced lethality and organ damage by targeting HMGB1/LPS complex (Tang et al., 2021), heparanase (Lygizos et al., 2013), and histones (Hogwood et al., 2020).