82,86 A recent study of α-synuclein knockout and SynTKO mice revealed a more complex role of α-synuclein on DA release using in vivo FCV, with roles in facilitation and depression of DA release dependent on specific patterns of neuronal activity.85 Combined, these studies support a gain-of-function of α-synuclein leads to DA dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease, however, both increased and decreased alterations in α-synuclein levels can have severe effects on several aspects of DAN biology and it remains to be ascertained which is causative for DA release defects in Parkinson’s disease models. Here, SNCA is linked to Parkinson disease.