EIF2AK3 and viral infectious disease: Cellular stresses, such as starvation, hypoxia, and viral infection, promote the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) through activation of various kinases, including general control non-derepressible-2 (GCN2, or eIF2α kinase 4 (EIF2AK4)); pancreatic eIF2α kinase PEK (EIF2AK3)); protein kinase R (PKR) or heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI); or eIF2α kinase 1 (EIF2AK1) [2].